[ { "record_id": "ca-sb-1047-2024", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "CA" }, "lifecycle_status": "vetoed", "measure_id": "CA SB 1047 (2024)", "title": "Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act", "session": "2023-2024", "chamber": "State legislature", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Frontier-model & national security", "category_key": "security", "secondary_categories": [ "Catastrophic risk", "Safety protocols", "Compute providers" ], "sponsor": "Scott Wiener", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [], "introduced_date": "2024-02-07", "last_action_date": "2024-09-29", "last_action": "Vetoed by the Governor; veto consideration expired November 30, 2024.", "status": "Vetoed by Governor", "status_bucket": "Vetoed", "summary": "Would have required developers of covered large AI models and certain compute providers to adopt safeguards and policies intended to prevent catastrophic harm and would have created a state frontier-model oversight body.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill passed both chambers but was vetoed; it remains important as the policy precursor to California SB 53.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "Final disposition: vetoed.", "official_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047", "last_verified_date": "2026-09-20", "verification_level": "Official legislature record and veto message verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "ca-legislature", "title": "SB 1047 bill status and veto message", "publisher": "California Legislative Information", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-lifecycle", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "sponsor", "status", "lifecycle_status" ], "source_ids": [ "ca-legislature" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories" ], "source_ids": [ "ca-legislature" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "ca-sb-53-2025", "entity_type": "law", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "CA" }, "lifecycle_status": "enacted", "measure_id": "CA SB 53 (2025)", "title": "Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act", "session": "2025-2026", "chamber": "State legislature", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Frontier-model & national security", "category_key": "security", "secondary_categories": [ "Safety frameworks", "Critical incidents", "Whistleblower protection" ], "sponsor": "Scott Wiener", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [], "introduced_date": "2025-01-07", "last_action_date": "2025-09-29", "last_action": "Approved by the Governor and chaptered as Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025.", "status": "Chaptered — Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025", "status_bucket": "Enacted", "summary": "Requires covered large frontier developers to publish safety frameworks, creates critical-safety-incident reporting to the state, protects specified whistleblowers, and establishes CalCompute-related public-compute planning.", "committee_dynamics": "California enacted a narrower successor to vetoed SB 1047, emphasizing disclosure, incident reporting, and whistleblower protection.", "advance_tier": "Enacted", "advance_rationale": "Enacted state law.", "official_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53", "state_law": { "chapter": "Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025", "enacted_date": "2025-09-29", "effective_date": "2026-01-01" }, "implementation": { "responsible_agencies": [ "California Office of Emergency Services", "California Department of Technology", "California Attorney General" ], "deadlines": [ { "date": "2026-01-01", "requirement": "General statutory effective date.", "status": "completed", "source_ids": [ "ca-legislature" ] } ], "agency_status": [ { "agency": "California implementing agencies", "status": "in_progress", "as_of": "2026-09-20", "detail": "The law is effective; this starter record has not yet completed a rule-by-rule agency implementation audit.", "source_ids": [ "ca-legislature", "ca-governor" ] } ] }, "last_verified_date": "2026-09-20", "verification_level": "Official legislature and governor sources verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "ca-legislature", "title": "SB 53 bill status", "publisher": "California Legislative Information", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" }, { "source_id": "ca-governor", "title": "Governor Newsom signs SB 53", "publisher": "Office of Governor Gavin Newsom", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/09/29/governor-newsom-signs-sb-53-advancing-californias-world-leading-artificial-intelligence-industry/", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-lifecycle", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "sponsor", "status", "lifecycle_status", "state_law" ], "source_ids": [ "ca-legislature" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance-and-implementation", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "implementation" ], "source_ids": [ "ca-legislature", "ca-governor" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "co-sb-24-205", "entity_type": "law", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "CO" }, "lifecycle_status": "enacted", "measure_id": "CO SB24-205", "title": "Consumer Protections for Artificial Intelligence", "session": "2024 Regular Session", "chamber": "State legislature", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "High-risk AI governance", "category_key": "governance", "secondary_categories": [ "Impact assessments", "Algorithmic discrimination", "Risk management" ], "sponsor": "Robert Rodriguez", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CO", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Judiciary", "House State, Civic, Military, and Veterans Affairs" ], "introduced_date": "2024-04-10", "last_action_date": "2024-05-17", "last_action": "Signed by the Governor and enacted as Chapter 198.", "status": "Enacted — Chapter 198", "status_bucket": "Enacted", "summary": "Requires developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to use reasonable care against known or reasonably foreseeable algorithmic-discrimination risks, publish specified disclosures, complete impact assessments, and report certain discovered risks.", "committee_dynamics": "Colorado enacted the first broad U.S. state framework centered on consequential high-risk systems; it is included as an adjacent, enforceable risk-management law.", "advance_tier": "Enacted", "advance_rationale": "Enacted state law.", "official_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205", "state_law": { "chapter": "Chapter 198", "enacted_date": "2024-05-17", "effective_date": "2026-02-01" }, "implementation": { "responsible_agencies": [ "Colorado Attorney General" ], "deadlines": [ { "date": "2026-02-01", "requirement": "Developer and deployer duties become operative.", "status": "completed", "source_ids": [ "co-legislature" ] } ], "agency_status": [ { "agency": "Colorado Attorney General", "status": "in_progress", "as_of": "2026-09-20", "detail": "The operative date has passed; this starter record has not yet completed a rulemaking and enforcement inventory.", "source_ids": [ "co-legislature" ] } ] }, "last_verified_date": "2026-09-20", "verification_level": "Official legislature source verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "co-legislature", "title": "SB24-205 Consumer Protections for Artificial Intelligence", "publisher": "Colorado General Assembly", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-lifecycle", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "sponsor", "status", "lifecycle_status", "state_law" ], "source_ids": [ "co-legislature" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance-and-implementation", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "implementation" ], "source_ids": [ "co-legislature" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "de-aic-draft-2026", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "DE" }, "lifecycle_status": "unknown", "measure_id": "DE AIC draft (2026)", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Company initiative (draft proposal)", "chamber": "State legislature", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Governance, preemption & regulatory architecture", "secondary_categories": [ "Agentic AI", "Corporate governance", "Regulatory sandbox", "Liability" ], "sponsor": null, "sponsor_party": null, "sponsor_state": "DE", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Delaware Artificial Intelligence Commission" ], "introduced_date": null, "last_action_date": "2026-10-26", "last_action": "A congressional oversight letter publicly described the developing Artificial Intelligence Company proposal; no bill had yet been introduced.", "status": "Draft proposal under development; not introduced", "status_bucket": "Pre-introduction", "summary": "Delaware officials are developing a framework for an Artificial Intelligence Company whose AI agent could perform day-to-day corporate operations, potentially with new governance and liability rules. The proposal is not yet introduced legislation.", "committee_dynamics": "The initiative grows out of Delaware's agentic-AI regulatory-sandbox work under H.J.R. 7. Because no bill text has been introduced, its final governance, transparency, liability, and safety provisions remain uncertain.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "The proposal has official state-policy groundwork but no introduced bill text or formal legislative pathway yet.", "session": "153rd General Assembly", "official_url": "https://oversight.house.gov/release/comer-investigates-potential-for-harm-lack-of-transparency-in-delaware-initiative-to-create-new-artificial-intelligence-companies/", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official sources confirm the initiative and precursor work; bill text has not been introduced", "sources": [ { "source_id": "house-oversight-2026", "title": "Comer Investigates Potential for Harm, Lack of Transparency in Delaware Initiative to Create New Artificial Intelligence Companies", "publisher": "U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://oversight.house.gov/release/comer-investigates-potential-for-harm-lack-of-transparency-in-delaware-initiative-to-create-new-artificial-intelligence-companies/", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "de-hjr7", "title": "Delaware H.J.R. 7 official bill detail", "publisher": "Delaware General Assembly", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail?legislationId=142629", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "de-ai-report-2025", "title": "Delaware Artificial Intelligence Commission Annual Report 2025", "publisher": "State of Delaware", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://ai.delaware.gov/wp-content/blogs.dir/229/files/sites/229/2025/12/Delaware-Artificial-Intelligence-Commission-Annual-Report-2025.pdf", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "house-oversight-2026", "de-hjr7" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "house-oversight-2026", "de-ai-report-2025" ], "note": "The proposal is tracked as unknown/pre-introduction because no introduced bill record or bill text was available." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "house-oversight-2026", "de-hjr7", "de-ai-report-2025" ], "note": "Tracker synthesis; details may change if formal bill text is introduced." } ] }, { "record_id": "fy27-house-cjs-approp", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "H.R. 8845", "title": "Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2027", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Vehicle", "primary_category": "Appropriations implementation", "category_key": "appropriations", "secondary_categories": [ "NIST / CAISI funding", "AI testing and standards", "Model and hardware security", "NAIRR" ], "sponsor": "Harold Rogers", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "KY", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Appropriations" ], "introduced_date": "2026-05-15", "last_action_date": "2026-05-15", "last_action": "Reported by the House Committee on Appropriations with H. Rept. 119-652 and placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 567.", "status": "Reported by House Appropriations; Union Calendar", "status_bucket": "Committee advanced", "summary": "The House-reported FY2027 CJS bill and report provide up to $15 million for the Center for AI Standards and Innovation, including a hardware-security and secure-location-verification grant program. The report also directs work on an AI lifecycle-security framework, open-source model security risks, small-business AI resources, and at least $30 million for advancement of the National AI Research Resource.", "committee_dynamics": "This is the House's principal FY2027 funding vehicle for NIST, CAISI, NSF, and related federal AI evaluation and research capacity. It was reported from committee but had not passed the House; the final funding outcome can change through floor action, continuing resolutions, or a later consolidated appropriations measure.", "advance_tier": "High", "advance_rationale": "Even without standalone passage, its funding and report directions can shape final appropriations negotiations and federal AI-security capacity.", "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8845", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill identity, status, and AI-related report language checked against official congressional sources.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 8845", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8845", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo-bill", "title": "H.R. 8845, reported in House", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr8845rh", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-house-report", "title": "H. Rept. 119-652 — Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2027", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CRPT-119hrpt652/html/CRPT-119hrpt652.htm", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo-bill" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees", "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo-bill" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-house-report" ], "note": "Tracker synthesis based on the House-reported bill and accompanying committee report." } ] }, { "record_id": "fy27-house-def-approp", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "H.R. 9495", "title": "Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2027", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Vehicle", "primary_category": "Appropriations implementation", "category_key": "appropriations", "secondary_categories": [ "Defense AI funding", "Testing and deployment", "Cybersecurity", "Implementation" ], "sponsor": "Ken Calvert", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Appropriations" ], "introduced_date": "2026-06-26", "last_action_date": "2026-06-26", "last_action": "Reported by the House Committee on Appropriations with H. Rept. 119-715 and committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union.", "status": "Reported by House Appropriations; Union Calendar", "status_bucket": "Committee advanced", "summary": "The House-reported FY2027 defense appropriations vehicle funds Department of Defense programs, including the research, testing, cybersecurity, and operational accounts through which military AI safeguards and implementation activities are carried out.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill is a central funding vehicle for defense AI implementation, but its amounts and report directions may change through floor action, continuing resolutions, or a consolidated appropriations agreement.", "advance_tier": "High", "advance_rationale": "Defense appropriations directly determine whether authorized AI testing, cybersecurity, and deployment safeguards receive operational funding.", "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9495", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill identity and reported status checked against official congressional sources.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 9495", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9495", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "H.R. 9495, reported in House", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr9495rh", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees", "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker synthesis of the defense appropriations vehicle's relevance to AI-safety implementation." } ] }, { "record_id": "h-r-1736", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "H.R. 1736", "title": "Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Monitoring, disclosure & reporting", "category_key": "monitoring", "secondary_categories": [ "Terrorism", "Weapons misuse", "CBRNE", "Recurring assessment" ], "sponsor": "August Pfluger", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "TX", "cosponsor_count": 3, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Homeland Security Committee", "Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-02-27", "last_action_date": "2025-11-20", "last_action": "Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Requires recurring Department of Homeland Security assessments of terrorist use of generative AI, including violent messaging and development or deployment of weapons.", "committee_dynamics": "The DHS reporting requirement is straightforward and could move in a homeland-security or authorization package, but it does not itself impose controls on model developers.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "A targeted national-security assessment is amendment-friendly, though the standalone bill had not advanced publicly.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1736", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 1736", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1736", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-2894-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "H.R. 2894", "title": "Block Nuclear Launch by Autonomous Artificial Intelligence Act of 2023", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "secondary_categories": [ "Nuclear command", "Human control", "Autonomous systems" ], "sponsor": "Ted Lieu", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": 2, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Armed Services", "House Foreign Affairs" ], "introduced_date": "2023-04-26", "last_action_date": "2023-04-26", "last_action": "Introduced and referred to the House Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Affairs.", "status": "Referred to House committees; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "House bill that would have barred autonomous nuclear launch without meaningful human control.", "committee_dynamics": "The bipartisan proposal framed human control over nuclear weapons as a statutory AI safety requirement but expired without further action.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; any renewed effort requires a new measure in a later Congress.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118hr2894ih", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official GovInfo text and legislative stage checked; end-of-Congress status applied", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "GovInfo official record for H.R. 2894", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118hr2894ih", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "h-r-3029", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "passed_chamber", "measure_id": "H.R. 3029", "title": "Nucleic Acid Standards for Biosecurity Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Evaluation, testing & standards", "category_key": "evaluation", "secondary_categories": [ "CBRNE / biosecurity", "Screening", "AI-enabled biological risk", "Standards" ], "sponsor": "Andrea Salinas", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "OR", "cosponsor_count": 3, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee", "Science, Space, and Technology Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-04-28", "last_action_date": "2026-07-21", "last_action": "Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Passed House; referred to Senate Commerce", "status_bucket": "Passed chamber", "summary": "Directs NIST to develop technical standards and best practices for nucleic-acid synthesis screening and for engineering-biology risks, expressly including risks associated with AI. The House-passed version authorizes $5 million annually for FY2027–FY2031.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill translates AI-enabled biological risk into a concrete screening and standards program. House passage gives it a stronger procedural position than most standalone AI bills, although it still requires Senate action.", "advance_tier": "High", "advance_rationale": "A filed House report and direct national-security/biosecurity rationale make material advancement comparatively likely.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3029", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "House passage, Senate referral, and the current short title checked against official congressional sources.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 3029", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3029", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "H.R. 3029, referred in Senate", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr3029rfs", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-3434", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 3434", "title": "Protecting AI and Cloud Competition in Defense Act of 2025", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "category_key": "defense", "secondary_categories": [ "Defense procurement", "Competition", "Data rights", "Resilience" ], "sponsor": "Pat Fallon", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "TX", "cosponsor_count": 3, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Armed Services Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-05-15", "last_action_date": "2025-05-15", "last_action": "Referred to the House Committee on Armed Services.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Establishes Department of Defense procurement rules for cloud, data infrastructure, and foundation-model solutions, including security, resilience, competition, and government data interests.", "committee_dynamics": "The content is highly compatible with NDAA procurement titles and has a Senate analogue.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "Its most realistic pathway is incorporation into NDAA rather than standalone enactment.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3434", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 3434", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3434", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", 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"lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "H.R. 3447", "title": "Chip Security Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Deterrence, export & foreign-adversary controls", "category_key": "deterrence", "secondary_categories": [ "Export controls", "Compute security", "Monitoring" ], "sponsor": "Bill Huizenga", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "MI", "cosponsor_count": 43, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Foreign Affairs Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-05-15", "last_action_date": "2026-03-26", "last_action": "Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 42 - 0.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Requires security mechanisms such as location verification and stronger reporting for licensees exporting covered advanced chips.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill sits in the same security/export-control lane as the model-theft legislation but had not achieved the latter’s committee vote.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "Meaningful cosponsorship and a clear export-enforcement rationale create a plausible committee or package pathway.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3447", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 3447", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3447", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-3460", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 3460", "title": "AI Whistleblower Protection Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Monitoring, disclosure & reporting", "category_key": "monitoring", "secondary_categories": [ "Vulnerability reporting", "Accountability", "Worker protection" ], "related_measures": [ { "record_id": "s-1792", "measure_id": "S. 1792", "relationship": "companion" } ], "sponsor": "Jay Obernolte", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": 9, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Education and Workforce Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-05-15", "last_action_date": "2025-05-15", "last_action": "Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Protects employees who report AI security vulnerabilities or legal violations and creates Department of Labor complaint and remedy mechanisms.", "committee_dynamics": "The labor-law mechanism places the bill outside the principal AI committees. Its sponsor’s leadership role on House Science may help integrate the concept into a wider bipartisan package.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "A concrete accountability mechanism and influential sponsor help, but jurisdiction and the absence of markup constrain the standalone path.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3460", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 3460", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3460", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { 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"scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Cyber, model & infrastructure security", "category_key": "cyber", "secondary_categories": [ "Coordination", "Security standards", "Model-weight protection" ], "sponsor": "Darin LaHood", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "IL", "cosponsor_count": 8, "notable_cosponsors": [ "John Moolenaar (R-MI)", "Josh Gottheimer (D-NJ)", "Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL)" ], "committees": [ "Intelligence (Permanent Select) Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-06-11", "last_action_date": "2025-06-11", "last_action": "Referred to the House Committee on Intelligence (Permanent Select).", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Directs NSA’s AI Security Center to develop an AI Security Playbook identifying vulnerabilities, critical components, security levels, and strategies to prevent theft of advanced AI systems and model assets.", "committee_dynamics": "The bipartisan intelligence-focused coalition and NSA nexus make the proposal well suited for an intelligence authorization or NDAA even without standalone markup.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "National-security salience and an obvious IAA/NDAA landing zone improve prospects beyond the bill’s limited standalone movement.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3919", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 3919", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3919", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-4142", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 4142", "title": "No Adversarial AI Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Deterrence, export & foreign-adversary controls", "category_key": "deterrence", "secondary_categories": [ "Federal procurement", "Supply-chain security", "Foreign-adversary controls" ], "sponsor": "John Moolenaar", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "MI", "cosponsor_count": 3, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Oversight and Government Reform Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-06-25", "last_action_date": "2025-06-25", "last_action": "Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Directs the Federal Acquisition Security Council to create a foreign-adversary AI list and triggers agency review, removal, and procurement restrictions.", "committee_dynamics": "The federal procurement mechanism places the bill in Oversight rather than Foreign Affairs or Science. A bicameral companion increases relevance.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "The companion bill and procurement-security rationale help, but no committee action was captured.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4142", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 4142", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4142", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-5022", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 5022", "title": "No Advanced Chips for the CCP Act of 2025", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Deterrence, export & foreign-adversary controls", "category_key": "deterrence", "secondary_categories": [ "Advanced AI chips", "China", "Export controls", "Congressional approval" ], "sponsor": "Raja Krishnamoorthi", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "IL", "cosponsor_count": 5, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Foreign Affairs" ], "introduced_date": "2025-08-22", "last_action_date": "2025-08-22", "last_action": "Referred to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Would bar exports, reexports, or transfers of covered advanced AI semiconductors to China unless the Commerce Secretary approves them after an interagency national-security review and Congress separately enacts a joint resolution of approval. The authority would sunset after three years.", "committee_dynamics": "The proposal would replace ordinary executive-branch licensing discretion for covered China exports with an unusually strong congressional-approval requirement. It is substantively important even though it had not advanced beyond referral.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "The proposal is consequential but procedurally demanding and had no recorded committee action.", "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5022", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details and introduced text checked against official congressional sources.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 5022", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5022", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "H.R. 5022, introduced in House", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr5022ih", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees", "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official introduced text." } ] }, { "record_id": "h-r-5078", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "passed_chamber", "measure_id": "H.R. 5078", "title": "PILLAR Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Cyber, model & infrastructure security", "category_key": "cybersecurity", "secondary_categories": [ "State and local cybersecurity", "Operational technology", "AI systems", "CISA grants" ], "sponsor": "Andrew Ogles", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "TN", "cosponsor_count": 4, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Homeland Security", "Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs" ], "introduced_date": "2025-09-02", "last_action_date": "2025-11-18", "last_action": "Received in the Senate, read twice, and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs after passing the House.", "status": "Passed House; referred to Senate committee", "status_bucket": "Passed chamber", "summary": "Would reauthorize CISA's State and Local Cybersecurity Grant Program and expressly extend grant planning, inventories, vulnerability assessment, threat mitigation, and resilience work to information and operational-technology systems that use AI.", "committee_dynamics": "The House passed the bill by voice vote. Its AI provisions are part of a broader cybersecurity-grant reauthorization, making the measure relevant but adjacent to the tracker's central developer- and model-safety focus.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "House passage creates a credible path, but the bill still requires Senate committee and floor action.", "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5078", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "House passage, Senate referral, and current bill text checked against official congressional sources.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 5078", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5078", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "H.R. 5078, referred in Senate", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr5078rfs", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees", "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the House-passed text." } ] }, { "record_id": "h-r-5090", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 5090", "title": "HONOR Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Synthetic-media safety", "category_key": "synthetic-media", "secondary_categories": [ "Digital forgeries", "Intimate imagery", "Military justice" ], "sponsor": "Nancy Mace", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "SC", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Armed Services" ], "introduced_date": "2025-09-02", "last_action_date": "2025-09-02", "last_action": "Referred to the House Committee on Armed Services.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Would amend the Uniform Code of Military Justice to cover knowing distribution or publication of nonconsensual intimate digital forgeries, including AI-generated depictions, and strengthen protections involving minors.", "committee_dynamics": "The measure belongs in the tracker because it directly regulates harmful AI-generated imagery, but it is classified as adjacent because its reach is limited to military justice rather than general model or platform safety.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "The targeted military-justice mechanism could fit a defense package, but the standalone bill had not advanced beyond referral.", "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5090", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details and introduced text checked against official congressional sources.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 5090", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5090", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "H.R. 5090, introduced in House", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr5090ih", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees", "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official introduced text." } ] }, { "record_id": "h-r-5272", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 5272", "title": "Protect Elections from Deceptive AI Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Synthetic-media safety", "category_key": "synthetic-media", "secondary_categories": [ "Election security", "Deepfakes", "Candidate remedies" ], "sponsor": "Julie Johnson", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "TX", "cosponsor_count": 10, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Administration" ], "introduced_date": "2025-09-10", "last_action_date": "2025-09-10", "last_action": "Referred to the House Committee on House Administration.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Would prohibit knowing distribution of materially deceptive AI-generated audio or visual media involving federal candidates, or used in federal election activity, when intended to influence an election or solicit funds, subject to specified news, satire, and other exceptions.", "committee_dynamics": "The bipartisan House measure is related to S. 1213 and renews a proposal that advanced in the Senate during the 118th Congress as S. 2770, but the House bill itself had not advanced beyond referral.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "Bipartisan sponsorship and an earlier Senate committee precedent improve its prospects, although no House markup was recorded.", "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5272", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details and introduced text checked against official congressional sources.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 5272", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5272", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "H.R. 5272, introduced in 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"entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 5288", "title": "AI Sovereignty Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Deterrence, export & foreign-adversary controls", "category_key": "deterrence", "secondary_categories": [ "Strategic competition", "Supply chains", "Domestic capacity" ], "sponsor": "Eugene Vindman", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "VA", "cosponsor_count": 2, "notable_cosponsors": [ "James Moylan (R-GU)" ], "committees": [ "Energy and Commerce Committee", "Foreign Affairs Committee", "Science, Space, and Technology Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-09-10", "last_action_date": "2025-09-10", "last_action": "Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, and Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.", "status": "Introduced / triple referral", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Addresses strategic AI sovereignty, supply-chain resilience, and domestic capacity in competition with foreign adversaries.", "committee_dynamics": "The three-committee referral illustrates fragmented AI jurisdiction and raises coordination costs despite bipartisan sponsorship.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "A broad strategic remit and triple referral make standalone movement difficult.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5288", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 5288", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5288", 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"119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-5628-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "H.R. 5628", "title": "Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2023", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "High-risk AI governance", "secondary_categories": [ "Impact assessments", "Consequential decisions", "FTC" ], "sponsor": "Yvette Clarke", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "NY", "cosponsor_count": 14, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Energy and Commerce" ], "introduced_date": "2023-09-21", "last_action_date": "2023-09-21", "last_action": "Introduced and referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.", "status": "Referred to House committee; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "House companion that would have required impact assessments for automated decision systems used in critical decisions and Federal Trade Commission oversight.", "committee_dynamics": "The proposal supplied a civil-governance counterpart to frontier-model safety bills but did not advance before the Congress ended.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; any renewed effort requires a new measure in a later Congress.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118hr5628ih", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official GovInfo text and legislative stage checked; end-of-Congress status applied", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "GovInfo official record for H.R. 5628", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118hr5628ih", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "h-r-6304", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 6304", "title": "AI for America Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Monitoring, disclosure & reporting", "category_key": "monitoring", "secondary_categories": [ "National strategy", "Security review", "Audit / disclosure standards" ], "sponsor": "Jennifer Kiggans", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "VA", "cosponsor_count": 2, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Energy and Commerce Committee", "Science, Space, and Technology Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-11-25", "last_action_date": "2025-11-25", "last_action": "Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.", "status": "Introduced / dual referral", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Requires a national AI strategy and a NIST report on internal review, third-party audits, and disclosure practices for detecting security risks and ideological bias.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill combines security review with politically contested bias concerns and carries a dual referral.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "No cosponsors or committee movement were captured, and the mixed policy objectives may complicate coalition-building.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6304", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 6304", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6304", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-6461", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "H.R. 6461", "title": "READ AI Models Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Monitoring, disclosure & reporting", "category_key": "monitoring", "secondary_categories": [ "Model documentation", "Standards", "Evaluation" ], "sponsor": "Sarah McBride", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "DE", "cosponsor_count": 11, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Science, Space, and Technology Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-12-04", "last_action_date": "2026-06-25", "last_action": "Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 35 - 0.", "status": "Committee consideration", "status_bucket": "Committee advanced", "summary": "Creates a NIST pilot for standardized model and data documentation templates, metrics, benchmarks, voluntary consensus standards, and public consultation.", "committee_dynamics": "A voluntary documentation design and double-digit cosponsor count fit the House Science Committee’s bipartisan technical-legislation strategy.", "advance_tier": "High", "advance_rationale": "Substantial cosponsorship and an active committee pathway make the proposal comparatively easy to package or advance.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6461", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 6461", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6461", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-6875", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "H.R. 6875", "title": "AI OVERWATCH Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Deterrence, export & foreign-adversary controls", "category_key": "deterrence", "secondary_categories": [ "Export controls", "Advanced chips", "Congressional notification" ], "sponsor": "Brian Mast", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "FL", "cosponsor_count": 46, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Foreign Affairs Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-12-18", "last_action_date": "2026-01-21", "last_action": "Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 42 - 2.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Conditions specified advanced-chip export licenses, requires congressional certification or notification, and provides a legislative disapproval mechanism.", "committee_dynamics": "The sponsor chairs Foreign Affairs and the bill has substantial cosponsorship, but export-license architecture can create executive-legislative friction.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "Leadership sponsorship and 19 cosponsors provide leverage, even absent a captured markup.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6875", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 6875", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6875", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-6936-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "H.R. 6936", "title": "Federal Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Act of 2024", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "secondary_categories": [ "NIST AI RMF", "Federal agencies", "Risk management" ], "sponsor": "Ted Lieu", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": 3, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Oversight and Accountability", "House Science, Space, and Technology" ], "introduced_date": "2024-01-10", "last_action_date": "2024-01-10", "last_action": "Introduced and referred to the House Committees on Oversight and Accountability and Science, Space, and Technology.", "status": "Referred to House committees; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "House companion that would have required federal agencies to use the NIST AI Risk Management Framework when managing artificial intelligence.", "committee_dynamics": "The bipartisan companion supported a common federal risk-management baseline but expired without committee action.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; any renewed effort requires a new measure in a later Congress.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118hr6936ih", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official GovInfo text and legislative 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"source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "h-r-7294", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "H.R. 7294", "title": "AI for Secure Networks Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Cyber, model & infrastructure security", "category_key": "cyber", "secondary_categories": [ "Critical infrastructure", "Telecommunications", "Study / report" ], "sponsor": "Robert Menendez", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "NJ", "cosponsor_count": 5, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Energy and Commerce Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-01-30", "last_action_date": "2026-09-16", "last_action": "Ordered to be Reported by the Yeas and Nays: 37 - 0.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Directs Commerce and NTIA to study the security benefits and risks of AI in telecommunications, including threat and malware detection, zero trust, resilience, and interoperability.", "committee_dynamics": "The measure is relevant to communications and critical-infrastructure security but competes with higher-priority Energy and Commerce AI bills.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "A study bill with limited visible movement is less likely to advance independently, although report language could absorb its objectives.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7294", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 7294", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7294", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-7696", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 7696", "title": "AI Cyber Grid Protection Resilient Development Act of 2026", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Cyber, model & infrastructure security", "category_key": "cyber", "secondary_categories": [ "Critical infrastructure", "Testbeds", "Grid resilience" ], "sponsor": "Pablo Hernández", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": 2, "notable_cosponsors": [ "Adelita Grijalva (D-AZ)" ], "committees": [ "Homeland Security Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-02-25", "last_action_date": "2026-02-26", "last_action": "Referred to the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection.", "status": "Introduced; referral needs refresh", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Supports secure AI and cyber-physical testbeds capable of simulating grid-scale cyberattacks and resilience challenges.", "committee_dynamics": "The policy fits critical-infrastructure and science jurisdictions, but the research snapshot did not capture a reliable committee referral.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "No identified markup and incomplete referral metadata make it a lower-probability standalone measure.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7696", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 7696", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7696", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-8283", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "H.R. 8283", "title": "Deterring American AI Model Theft Act of 2026", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Deterrence, export & foreign-adversary controls", "category_key": "deterrence", "secondary_categories": [ "Sanctions", "Export controls", "Model security", "Threat sharing" ], "sponsor": "Bill Huizenga", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "MI", "cosponsor_count": 21, "notable_cosponsors": [ "John Moolenaar (R-MI)" ], "committees": [ "Foreign Affairs Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-04-15", "last_action_date": "2026-04-22", "last_action": "Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 43 - 0.", "status": "Ordered reported 43–0", "status_bucket": "Committee advanced", "summary": "Creates a process to identify foreign entities that illicitly obtain technical characteristics of closed-source U.S. models and supports Commerce information sharing, sanctions, and export-control responses.", "committee_dynamics": "Foreign Affairs demonstrated strong bipartisan agreement, and the China/model-theft framing aligns with committee priorities.", "advance_tier": "High", "advance_rationale": "A unanimous 43–0 markup, 20 cosponsors, and a strong national-security frame give the bill unusually strong momentum.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8283", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 8283", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8283", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-8516", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 8516", "title": "American Leadership in AI Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Governance, preemption & regulatory architecture", "category_key": "governance", "secondary_categories": [ "Omnibus governance", "Evaluation", "Cybersecurity", "Procurement", "Whistleblowers" ], "sponsor": "Ted Lieu", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": 4, "notable_cosponsors": [ "Jay Obernolte (R-CA)" ], "committees": [ "Agriculture Committee", "Education and Workforce Committee", "Energy and Commerce Committee", "Judiciary Committee", "Oversight and Government Reform Committee", "Science, Space, and Technology Committee", "Ways and Means Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-04-27", "last_action_date": "2026-04-27", "last_action": "Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Agriculture, Oversight and Government Reform, Education and Workforce, the Judiciary, and Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.", "status": "Introduced / seven referrals", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Omnibus provisions include a NIST AI standards and security center, safety metrics and adversarial red teaming, federal chief AI officers, procurement safeguards, cyber training, whistleblower protections, and deepfake provisions.", "committee_dynamics": "The breadth creates severe jurisdictional complexity. Individual sections may migrate into narrower bipartisan bills even if the omnibus does not move intact.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "Standalone passage is unlikely, but the bill is a high-value source of amendment text.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8516", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 8516", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8516", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-8800", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "floor", "measure_id": "H.R. 8800", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Vehicle", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "category_key": "defense", "secondary_categories": [ "Must-pass authorization", "Defense AI", "Autonomy", "Cybersecurity", "Reporting" ], "sponsor": "Mike Rogers", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "AL", "cosponsor_count": 1, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Armed Services" ], "introduced_date": "2026-05-13", "last_action_date": "2026-09-14", "last_action": "Received in the Senate.", "status": "House floor processing", "status_bucket": "Floor / calendar", "summary": "The principal House defense-authorization vehicle and a likely landing zone for military AI safeguards, procurement security, model-security reporting, and AI Security Center provisions.", "committee_dynamics": "Must-pass status gives the vehicle strong momentum, but individual AI provisions may be added, narrowed, traded, or removed during floor and conference negotiations.", "advance_tier": "High", "advance_rationale": "Annual NDAA enactment pressure and active floor processing make material AI-security movement likely.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8800", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official congressional metadata and committee referral checked by a human editor", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 8800", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8800", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-9333", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "H.R. 9333", "title": "AI Flaw Reporting and Security Enhancement Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Cyber, model & infrastructure security", "category_key": "cyber", "secondary_categories": [ "Vulnerability disclosure", "Incident reporting", "Standards", "NIST–CISA coordination" ], "sponsor": "Deborah Ross", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "NC", "cosponsor_count": 2, "notable_cosponsors": [ "Jeff Hurd (R-CO)", "Don Beyer (D-VA)" ], "committees": [ "Science, Space, and Technology Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-06-18", "last_action_date": "2026-06-25", "last_action": "Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute by the Yeas and Nays: 35 - 0.", "status": "Favorably reported 29–0", "status_bucket": "Committee advanced", "summary": "Directs NIST and CISA to create voluntary mechanisms and technical frameworks for reporting and tracking AI vulnerabilities, failures, and flaws, including common definitions and a national database.", "committee_dynamics": "The unanimous bipartisan Science Committee vote, voluntary design, and narrow technical remit reduce ideological friction. Implementation still requires coordination between NIST and CISA and eventual funding.", "advance_tier": "High", "advance_rationale": "A 29–0 committee vote, bipartisan sponsorship, and a narrow technical design make this one of the strongest standalone candidates.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9333", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 9333", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9333", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-9363", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "H.R. 9363", "title": "AI Security and Innovation Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Evaluation, testing & standards", "category_key": "evaluation", "secondary_categories": [ "Standards", "Coordination", "Cybersecurity", "Agentic AI" ], "sponsor": "Jay Obernolte", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": 7, "notable_cosponsors": [ "Valerie Foushee (D-NC)", "Brian Babin (R-TX)", "Tracey Mann (R-KS)", "Scott Franklin (R-FL)" ], "committees": [ "Science, Space, and Technology Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-06-18", "last_action_date": "2026-06-25", "last_action": "Ordered to be Reported in the Nature of a Substitute (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 29 - 0.", "status": "Favorably reported 29–0", "status_bucket": "Committee advanced", "summary": "Establishes a NIST AI security and innovation center to measure national- and economic-security risks, conduct or facilitate evaluations, support R&D and standards, and collaborate voluntarily with industry.", "committee_dynamics": "The sponsor chairs the House Science AI-focused subcommittee, and the bill received unanimous committee support. Its principal vulnerability is implementation funding rather than committee opposition.", "advance_tier": "High", "advance_rationale": "Unanimous committee action, bipartisan amendments, leadership sponsorship, and a completed CBO estimate signal unusually mature floor preparation.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9363", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 9363", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9363", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-9477", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 9477", "title": "AI Incident Reporting Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Monitoring, disclosure & reporting", "category_key": "monitoring", "secondary_categories": [ "Incident reporting", "Cyber / model security", "Coordination", "Civil penalties" ], "sponsor": "Nathaniel Moran", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "TX", "cosponsor_count": 3, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Energy and Commerce Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-06-25", "last_action_date": "2026-06-25", "last_action": "Referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Requires covered high-risk model developers to report specified autonomy, cybersecurity, and model-weight-theft incidents within seven days. Commerce would receive investigative authority and civil-penalty authority reaching $2 million per violation.", "committee_dynamics": "The mandatory reporting and penalty structure gives Energy and Commerce a central role. Its definitions and seven-day clock overlap with, but differ from, FRONTIER and other vulnerability-reporting proposals.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "Limited coalition and no committee action make standalone passage difficult, although the reporting concepts are plausible amendment material.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9477", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 9477", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9477", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-9626-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "H.R. 9626", "title": "AIxBio Defense Sandbox Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Federal AI capacity", "category_key": "capacity", "secondary_categories": [ "AI and biotechnology", "Secure computing", "Department of Defense", "Testing" ], "sponsor": "Ro Khanna", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Armed Services" ], "introduced_date": "2024-09-17", "last_action_date": "2024-09-17", "last_action": "Referred to the House Committee on Armed Services.", "status": "Referred to House Armed Services; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have directed the Department of Defense to plan a secure computing and data-storage sandbox for testing AI models trained on biological data and products generated by those models, including defense applications involving medical countermeasures and biological materials.", "committee_dynamics": "The measure combined secure AI-biotechnology testing with defense innovation. It is classified as adjacent because its primary mechanism was research infrastructure rather than a general safety obligation.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; the proposal would require reintroduction or inclusion in a later defense vehicle.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9626", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details and introduced text checked; end-of-Congress status applied.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 9626", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9626", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "H.R. 9626, introduced in House", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118hr9626ih", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees", "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Inactive status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official introduced text." } ] }, { "record_id": "h-r-9737-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "H.R. 9737", "title": "Secure Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Cyber, model & infrastructure security", "secondary_categories": [ "Security incidents", "Vulnerability reporting", "Federal coordination" ], "sponsor": "Deborah Ross", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "NC", "cosponsor_count": 1, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Science, Space, and Technology", "House Homeland Security", "House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence", "House Education and the Workforce" ], "introduced_date": "2024-09-20", "last_action_date": "2024-09-20", "last_action": "Introduced and referred to four House committees.", "status": "Referred to House committees; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "House companion to the Secure Artificial Intelligence Act, proposing federal tracking and response mechanisms for AI security and safety incidents and vulnerabilities.", "committee_dynamics": "The late-session House companion broadened bicameral interest but had little time to advance before the 118th Congress ended.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; any renewed effort requires a new measure in a later Congress.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118hr9737ih", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official GovInfo text and legislative stage checked; end-of-Congress status applied", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "GovInfo official record for H.R. 9737", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118hr9737ih", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "h-r-9914", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 9914", "title": "Collaboration on Adversarial Threats and Security Risks Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Governance, preemption & regulatory architecture", "category_key": "governance", "secondary_categories": [ "Coordination / information sharing", "Frontier security", "Antitrust" ], "sponsor": "Robert Latta", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "OH", "cosponsor_count": 25, "notable_cosponsors": [ "George Whitesides (D-CA)", "Jay Obernolte (R-CA)", "Ted Lieu (D-CA)", "Darrell Issa (R-CA)", "Nathaniel Moran (R-TX)", "Lori Trahan (D-MA)" ], "committees": [ "Judiciary Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-07-23", "last_action_date": "2026-07-23", "last_action": "Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Clarifies antitrust treatment of collaboration intended to share information about adversarial threats and security risks involving frontier AI.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill addresses a security-coordination problem through antitrust law, placing it in Judiciary rather than the committees handling most AI standards legislation. Its broad bipartisan original coalition is a meaningful asset.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "Eight original cosponsors and cross-party support strengthen prospects, but the bill still needs a Judiciary pathway or attachment to a wider package.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9914", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 9914", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9914", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-9917", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 9917", "title": "AI Kill Switch Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Cyber, model & infrastructure security", "category_key": "cyber", "secondary_categories": [ "Emergency controls", "Deployment safeguards", "Standards" ], "sponsor": "Ted Lieu", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": 12, "notable_cosponsors": [ "Nathaniel Moran (R-TX)" ], "committees": [ "Homeland Security Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-07-23", "last_action_date": "2026-07-24", "last_action": "Referred to the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Directs development of a shutdown-capability standard and graduated deployment safeguards for covered AI systems.", "committee_dynamics": "The bipartisan sponsor pair helps, but Homeland Security must translate a cross-cutting AI control concept into its jurisdiction and reconcile it with sectoral and developer-focused frameworks.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "Bipartisan support and a concrete safeguard create an amendment pathway, though the standalone bill had not received committee action.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9917", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 9917", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9917", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "h-r-9925", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "H.R. 9925", "title": "FRONTIER Act", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Monitoring, disclosure & reporting", "category_key": "monitoring", "secondary_categories": [ "Incident reporting", "Evaluation / audit", "Emergency controls", "Federal preemption" ], "sponsor": "Jay Obernolte", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "CA", "cosponsor_count": 11, "notable_cosponsors": [ "Lori Trahan (D-MA)", "Erin Houchin (R-IN)", "Scott Peters (D-CA)", "Scott Franklin (R-FL)", "Suhas Subramanyam (D-VA)" ], "committees": [ "Energy and Commerce Committee", "Science, Space, and Technology Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-07-23", "last_action_date": "2026-07-23", "last_action": "Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Creates a federal framework for covered frontier-model developers using compute and developer-size thresholds. It combines risk-management duties, third-party audits, mandatory incident reporting, emergency authority, and targeted state-law preemption with savings clauses.", "committee_dynamics": "The dual referral is a major jurisdictional constraint. House Science has moved narrower bipartisan AI-security bills, while Energy and Commerce controls important commercial and enforcement questions. Preemption is likely to be the hardest bargaining issue.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "Bipartisan architecture and committee-chair sponsorship make the bill consequential, but its late introduction, dual referral, enforcement design, and preemption language raise substantial transaction costs.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9925", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for H.R. 9925", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/9925", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "il-sb-315-2025", "entity_type": "law", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "IL" }, "lifecycle_status": "enacted", "measure_id": "IL SB 315 (2025)", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act", "session": "104th General Assembly (2025-2026)", "chamber": "State legislature", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Frontier-model & national security", "category_key": "security", "secondary_categories": [ "Safety frameworks", "Catastrophic risk", "Critical incident reporting", "Third-party audits", "Whistleblower protection" ], "sponsor": "Mary Edly-Allen", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "IL", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [ "Sue Rezin", "Rachel Ventura", "Darby A. Hills", "Karina Villa" ], "committees": [ "Senate Executive Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-01-24", "last_action_date": "2026-07-06", "last_action": "Governor approved; enacted as Public Act 104-0538 with an effective date of January 1, 2027.", "status": "Enacted — Public Act 104-0538", "status_bucket": "Enacted", "summary": "Requires large frontier developers to maintain and publish frontier-AI safety frameworks, publish transparency reports, assess catastrophic risks, undergo annual independent audits, report critical safety incidents, and protect covered whistleblowers. The Illinois Emergency Management Agency and Office of Homeland Security administer reporting and guidance in consultation with the Attorney General.", "committee_dynamics": "Illinois enacted a comprehensive frontier-model safety law after bipartisan sponsorship and passage through both chambers. Its framework, audit, incident-reporting, and enforcement provisions make it a core state safety measure.", "advance_tier": "Enacted", "advance_rationale": "Enacted state law.", "official_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=315&DocTypeID=SB&GA=104&GAID=18&SessionID=114", "state_law": { "chapter": "Public Act 104-0538", "enacted_date": "2026-07-06", "effective_date": "2027-01-01" }, "implementation": { "responsible_agencies": [ "Illinois Emergency Management Agency and Office of Homeland Security", "Illinois Attorney General" ], "deadlines": [ { "date": "2027-01-01", "requirement": "The Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act takes effect.", "status": "upcoming", "source_ids": [ "il-sb315-status", "il-pa104-0538" ] } ], "agency_status": [ { "agency": "Illinois Emergency Management Agency and Office of Homeland Security", "status": "planning", "as_of": "2026-10-27", "detail": "The law has been enacted but is not yet effective; this record does not identify a published implementation report as of the verification date.", "source_ids": [ "il-sb315-status", "il-pa104-0538" ] } ] }, "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official legislature and public-act text verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "il-sb315-status", "title": "SB 315 bill status", "publisher": "Illinois General Assembly", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=315&DocTypeID=SB&GA=104&GAID=18&SessionID=114", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "il-pa104-0538", "title": "Public Act 104-0538", "publisher": "Illinois General Assembly", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/documents/legislation/PublicActs/104/104-0538.htm", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-lifecycle", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "sponsor", "status", "lifecycle_status", "state_law" ], "source_ids": [ "il-sb315-status", "il-pa104-0538" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance-and-implementation", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "implementation" ], "source_ids": [ "il-sb315-status", "il-pa104-0538" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "il-sb-3444-2026", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "IL" }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "IL SB 3444 (2026)", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Safety Act", "session": "104th General Assembly (2025-2026)", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Frontier-model & national security", "category_key": "security", "secondary_categories": [ "Safety frameworks", "Transparency reports", "Regulatory interoperability", "Federal preemption trigger" ], "sponsor": "Bill Cunningham", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "IL", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Assignments Committee", "Senate Executive Committee — AI and Social Media Subcommittee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-02-04", "last_action_date": "2026-05-22", "last_action": "Re-referred to the Senate Assignments Committee under Rule 3-9(a).", "status": "Re-referred to Assignments", "status_bucket": "Pending", "summary": "Would create a liability safe harbor for frontier-model developers that publish safety and security protocols and transparency reports, with alternative compliance available through qualifying European Union requirements or a federal agreement. The state requirements would sunset if overlapping federal requirements take effect.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill reached the AI and Social Media Subcommittee but was re-referred after repeated deadline extensions. Its interoperability and federal-sunset provisions distinguish it from Illinois's enacted Public Act 104-0538.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "The measure missed committee and third-reading deadlines and returned to Assignments, although the General Assembly remains in the same biennial session.", "official_url": "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=3444&DocTypeID=SB&GAID=18&LegId=166392&SessionID=114", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official legislature source verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "il-sb3444-status", "title": "SB 3444 bill status", "publisher": "Illinois General Assembly", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus?DocNum=3444&DocTypeID=SB&GAID=18&LegId=166392&SessionID=114", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-lifecycle", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "sponsor", "committees", "status", "lifecycle_status" ], "source_ids": [ "il-sb3444-status" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance-and-analysis", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "il-sb3444-status" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "ma-h-97-2025", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "MA" }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "MA H.97 (2025)", "title": "An Act protecting consumers in interactions with artificial intelligence systems", "session": "194th General Court (2025-2026)", "chamber": "House", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "High-risk AI governance", "category_key": "governance", "secondary_categories": [ "Algorithmic discrimination", "Risk management", "Impact assessments", "Consumer notice and appeal" ], "sponsor": "David M. Rogers and Andres X. Vargas", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "MA", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Joint Committee on Advanced Information Technology, the Internet and Cybersecurity", "House Committee on Ways and Means" ], "introduced_date": "2025-02-27", "last_action_date": "2025-12-24", "last_action": "Reported favorably by committee, accompanied H.94, and referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means.", "status": "Referred to House Ways and Means", "status_bucket": "Pending", "summary": "Would require developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems used in consequential decisions to manage discrimination risks, perform impact assessments, make disclosures, notify affected consumers, and provide explanation and appeal processes, with enforcement by the Attorney General.", "committee_dynamics": "The joint technology committee favorably reported H.97 and folded H.94 into it before referral to House Ways and Means. It is included as an adjacent safety measure focused on consequential decisions rather than frontier-model catastrophic risk.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "The bill received a favorable committee report but has not advanced beyond House Ways and Means.", "official_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H97", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official legislature status and bill text verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "ma-h97-status", "title": "Bill H.97 status", "publisher": "Massachusetts General Court", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H97", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "ma-h97-text", "title": "Bill H.97 text", "publisher": "Massachusetts General Court", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H97/House/Bill/Text", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-lifecycle", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "sponsor", "committees", "status", "lifecycle_status" ], "source_ids": [ "ma-h97-status" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance-and-analysis", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "ma-h97-status", "ma-h97-text" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "ma-s-2630-2025", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "MA" }, "lifecycle_status": "committee_advanced", "measure_id": "MA S.2630 (2025)", "title": "An Act promoting economic development with emerging artificial intelligence models and safety", "session": "194th General Court (2025-2026)", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Frontier-model & national security", "category_key": "security", "secondary_categories": [ "Catastrophic risk", "Safety protocols", "Critical incident reporting", "Compute-cluster controls", "Whistleblower protection" ], "sponsor": "Joint Committee on Advanced Information Technology, the Internet and Cybersecurity", "sponsor_party": null, "sponsor_state": "MA", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [ "Barry R. Finegold (original S.37 petitioner)" ], "committees": [ "Joint Committee on Advanced Information Technology, the Internet and Cybersecurity", "Senate Committee on Ways and Means" ], "introduced_date": "2025-10-16", "last_action_date": "2025-10-16", "last_action": "Reported favorably as a new draft of S.37 and referred to the Senate Committee on Ways and Means.", "status": "Referred to Senate Ways and Means", "status_bucket": "Pending", "summary": "Would regulate covered frontier models through safety and security protocols, catastrophic-risk controls, incident investigations and reporting, whistleblower protections, and enforcement by the Attorney General. It also establishes duties for large computing clusters and creates an AI innovation fund.", "committee_dynamics": "The joint technology committee replaced S.37 with this favorable new draft and sent it to Senate Ways and Means. It is Massachusetts's most direct pending frontier-model safety proposal in the current session.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "The bill received a favorable committee report but has not advanced beyond Senate Ways and Means.", "official_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/S2630", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official legislature status and bill text verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "ma-s2630-status", "title": "Bill S.2630 status", "publisher": "Massachusetts General Court", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/S2630", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "ma-s2630-text", "title": "Bill S.2630 text", "publisher": "Massachusetts General Court", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/S2630/Senate/Bill/Text", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-lifecycle", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "sponsor", "committees", "status", "lifecycle_status" ], "source_ids": [ "ma-s2630-status" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance-and-analysis", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "ma-s2630-status", "ma-s2630-text" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "ny-s-6953b-2025", "entity_type": "law", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "NY" }, "lifecycle_status": "enacted", "measure_id": "NY S6953B", "title": "Responsible AI Safety and Education Act", "session": "2025-2026", "chamber": "State legislature", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Frontier-model & national security", "category_key": "security", "secondary_categories": [ "Safety frameworks", "Incident reporting", "Catastrophic harm" ], "sponsor": "Andrew Gounardes", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "NY", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Internet and Technology" ], "introduced_date": "2025-03-27", "last_action_date": "2025-12-19", "last_action": "Signed by the Governor as Chapter 699.", "status": "Enacted — Chapter 699 of 2025", "status_bucket": "Enacted", "summary": "Requires covered frontier-model developers to publish information about safety protocols and report specified critical-harm incidents to New York within 72 hours; it also creates a frontier-model oversight office within the Department of Financial Services.", "committee_dynamics": "The final enacted framework was negotiated to emphasize transparency and incident reporting for the largest frontier developers.", "advance_tier": "Enacted", "advance_rationale": "Enacted state law.", "official_url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6953/amendment/B", "state_law": { "chapter": "Chapter 699 of 2025", "enacted_date": "2025-12-19", "effective_date": null }, "implementation": { "responsible_agencies": [ "New York Department of Financial Services", "New York Attorney General" ], "deadlines": [], "agency_status": [ { "agency": "New York Department of Financial Services", "status": "planning", "as_of": "2026-09-20", "detail": "The statute creates an oversight office; this starter record has not yet completed an official implementation inventory.", "source_ids": [ "ny-bill", "ny-governor" ] } ] }, "last_verified_date": "2026-09-20", "verification_level": "Official legislature and governor sources verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "ny-bill", "title": "Senate Bill S6953B", "publisher": "New York State Senate", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6953/amendment/B", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" }, { "source_id": "ny-governor", "title": "Governor Hochul signs frontier-model AI framework legislation", "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-signs-nation-leading-legislation-require-ai-frameworks-ai-frontier-models", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-lifecycle", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "sponsor", "status", "lifecycle_status", "state_law" ], "source_ids": [ "ny-bill" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance-and-implementation", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "implementation" ], "source_ids": [ "ny-bill", "ny-governor" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "pl-118-159-sec-225", "entity_type": "provision", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "enacted", "measure_id": "P.L. 118-159 §§ 225, 236, 1531–1534, 6504", "title": "FY2025 NDAA artificial-intelligence security, biosecurity, and assurance provisions", "session": "118th Congress", "congress": 118, "chamber": "Bicameral", "scope": "Vehicle", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "category_key": "security", "secondary_categories": [ "Model-weight security", "Foreign adversaries", "AI-biosecurity", "Military AI assurance", "NSA AI Security Center" ], "sponsor": null, "sponsor_party": null, "sponsor_state": null, "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Armed Services", "Senate Armed Services" ], "introduced_date": "2024-04-18", "last_action_date": "2024-12-23", "last_action": "Enacted in the FY2025 National Defense Authorization Act.", "status": "Enacted — Public Law 118-159", "status_bucket": "Enacted", "summary": "A curated group of FY2025 NDAA provisions directing assessment and protection of advanced AI from adversary access, piloting national-security AI and biotechnology applications, strengthening human-factors and testing infrastructure for military AI, and establishing the NSA Artificial Intelligence Security Center.", "committee_dynamics": "The provisions were enacted through the annual defense and intelligence authorization vehicle rather than as standalone AI statutes.", "advance_tier": "Enacted", "advance_rationale": "Enacted law; 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The prior tracker citation to sections 220–225 was corrected because those sections address unrelated defense research and acquisition matters.", "advance_tier": "Enacted", "advance_rationale": "Enacted law; implementation replaces advancement forecasting.", "official_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-118publ31", "public_law": { "number": "118-31", "enacted_date": "2023-12-22", "originating_bill": "H.R. 2670", "statutes_at_large": "137 Stat. 136", "official_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-118publ31" }, "implementation": { "responsible_agencies": [ "Department of Defense", "Office of the Director of National Intelligence" ], "deadlines": [ { "date": "2024-04-20", "requirement": "Complete the responsible-AI strategy and process requirements due 120 days after enactment.", "status": "unknown", "source_ids": [ "govinfo-law" ] }, { "date": "2024-12-22", "requirement": "Complete the military AI functionality, research-needs, privacy, security, and accuracy study due one year after enactment.", "status": "unknown", "source_ids": [ "govinfo-law" ] } ], "agency_status": [ { "agency": "Department of Defense", "status": "unknown", "as_of": "2026-10-28", "detail": "The statutory requirements are captured; a comprehensive official implementation assessment has not yet been completed for this grouped record.", "source_ids": [ "govinfo-law" ] } ] }, "last_verified_date": "2026-10-28", "verification_level": "Official public-law text and section citations verified; implementation status requires a dedicated agency review.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "govinfo-law", "title": "Public Law 118-31 — FY2024 National Defense Authorization Act", "publisher": "GovInfo", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-118publ31", "accessed_date": "2026-10-28" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-law", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "congress", "public_law", "status", 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Transportation", "House Energy and Commerce" ], "introduced_date": "2025-01-16", "last_action_date": "2025-05-19", "last_action": "Signed into law.", "status": "Enacted — Public Law 119-12; FTC enforcement active", "status_bucket": "Enacted", "summary": "Criminalizes specified nonconsensual publication of intimate visual depictions, including AI-created digital forgeries, and requires covered platforms to operate a notice-and-removal process and remove validly reported content and known identical copies within 48 hours.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill passed both chambers and became the first standalone federal law in this starter set with an express operational duty covering AI-generated intimate imagery.", "advance_tier": "Enacted", "advance_rationale": "Enacted law; implementation replaces advancement forecasting.", "official_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-119publ12", "public_law": { "number": "119-12", "enacted_date": "2025-05-19", "originating_bill": "S. 146", "statutes_at_large": "139 Stat. 55", "official_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-119publ12" }, "implementation": { "responsible_agencies": [ "Federal Trade Commission", "Department of Justice" ], "deadlines": [ { "date": "2026-05-19", "requirement": "Covered platforms must establish the required notice-and-removal process.", "status": "completed", "source_ids": [ "govinfo-law", "ftc-enforcement" ] } ], "agency_status": [ { "agency": "Federal Trade Commission", "status": "enforcing", "as_of": "2026-09-20", "detail": "The FTC began enforcing section 3, issued business guidance, contacted major platforms, and launched TakeItDown.ftc.gov.", "source_ids": [ "ftc-enforcement" ] } ] }, "last_verified_date": "2026-09-20", "verification_level": "Official law and FTC implementation materials verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "govinfo-law", "title": "Public Law 119-12 — TAKE IT DOWN Act", "publisher": "GovInfo", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-119publ12", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" }, { "source_id": "ftc-enforcement", "title": "FTC Begins Enforcing the TAKE IT DOWN Act", "publisher": "Federal Trade Commission", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/05/ftc-begins-enforcing-take-it-down-act", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-law", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "congress", "public_law", "status", "lifecycle_status" ], "source_ids": [ "govinfo-law" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories" ], "source_ids": [ "govinfo-law" ] }, { "claim_id": "implementation", "fields": [ "implementation" ], "source_ids": [ "govinfo-law", "ftc-enforcement" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "pl-119-21-sec-50404", "entity_type": "provision", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "enacted", "measure_id": "P.L. 119-21 § 50404", "title": "Transformational artificial-intelligence models for science and engineering", "session": "119th Congress", "congress": 119, "chamber": "Bicameral", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Federal AI capacity", "category_key": "capacity", "secondary_categories": [ "Secure scientific data", "National laboratories", "Model development" ], "sponsor": null, "sponsor_party": null, "sponsor_state": null, "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [], "introduced_date": "2025-05-20", "last_action_date": "2025-07-04", "last_action": "Enacted as section 50404 of Public Law 119-21.", "status": "Enacted — Public Law 119-21", "status_bucket": "Enacted", "summary": "Directs the Department of Energy to mobilize national laboratories and industry partners to curate scientific data and support transformational AI models, with security and privacy requirements for shared research infrastructure.", "committee_dynamics": "The provision moved in a large reconciliation law and is included as adjacent federal capacity with security-relevant data controls.", "advance_tier": "Enacted", "advance_rationale": "Enacted law; implementation replaces advancement forecasting.", "official_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-119publ21", "public_law": { "number": "119-21", "enacted_date": "2025-07-04", "originating_bill": "H.R. 1", "statutes_at_large": "139 Stat. 72", "official_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-119publ21" }, "implementation": { "responsible_agencies": [ "Department of Energy", "National Laboratories" ], "deadlines": [], "agency_status": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy", "status": "in_progress", "as_of": "2026-09-20", "detail": "DOE has publicized the Transformational AI Models Consortium and related implementation activity; this record does not treat those materials as proof that every statutory element is complete.", "source_ids": [ "doe-consortium" ] } ] }, "last_verified_date": "2026-09-20", "verification_level": "Official law and DOE implementation material verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "govinfo-law", "title": "Public Law 119-21", "publisher": "GovInfo", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/PLAW-119publ21", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" }, { "source_id": "doe-consortium", "title": "What is the Transformational AI Models Consortium?", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.energy.gov/undersecretaryforscience/genesis-mission/events/modcon-town-hall-what-transformational-ai-models", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-law", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "congress", "public_law", "status", "lifecycle_status" ], "source_ids": [ "govinfo-law" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories" ], "source_ids": [ "govinfo-law" ] }, { "claim_id": "implementation", "fields": [ "implementation" ], "source_ids": [ "doe-consortium" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "pl-119-60-ai-institutes", "entity_type": "provision", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "enacted", "measure_id": "P.L. 119-60 §§ 224, 245, 1512–1515, 1533–1535, 6601–6604", "title": "FY2026 NDAA artificial-intelligence security and oversight provisions", "session": "119th Congress", "congress": 119, "chamber": "Bicameral", "scope": "Vehicle", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "category_key": "security", "secondary_categories": [ "Model security", "Physical security", "AI-biosecurity", "Assessment and oversight", "Frontier AI governance", "Intelligence-community testing" ], "sponsor": null, "sponsor_party": null, "sponsor_state": null, "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Armed Services", "Senate Armed Services", 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and Transportation Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-05-07", "last_action_date": "2025-05-07", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Requires NIST testbed pilots to assess the feasibility of measurement standards for evaluating AI systems used by federal agencies, coordinated with the Department of Energy through a memorandum of understanding.", "committee_dynamics": "The technical, federal-use focus is less contentious than general private-sector regulation and could complement House NIST legislation.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "Bipartisan or multi-member support and a narrow standards mission create packaging opportunities, though no committee action was located.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1633", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 1633", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1633", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen 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"2025-05-07", "last_action_date": "2025-05-07", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Bars specified DeepSeek or High-Flyer use in federal contracting and directs Commerce analysis of censorship, propaganda, and security threats.", "committee_dynamics": "The vendor-specific approach is narrower than a general foreign-adversary list but may become stale as firms or model families change.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "Limited movement and a vendor-specific design reduce standalone prospects relative to broader procurement proposals.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1638", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 1638", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1638", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "s-1754", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "S. 1754", "title": "Preventing PLA Acquisition of United States Technology Act of 2025", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Deterrence, export & foreign-adversary controls", "category_key": "deterrence", "secondary_categories": [ "Research security", "Technology transfer", "China / military-civil fusion" ], "sponsor": "Jim Banks", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "IN", "cosponsor_count": 1, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Foreign Relations Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-05-14", "last_action_date": "2025-05-14", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Restricts covered technical and research relationships with Chinese entities of concern in military-civil-fusion priority fields, expressly including AI, and requires disclosure.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill is security-adjacent rather than a frontier-model safety framework and must compete with broader China technology packages.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "No cosponsors or committee movement were captured in the research snapshot.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1754", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 1754", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1754", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "s-1775", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "S. 1775", "title": "Protecting AI and Cloud Competition in Defense Act of 2025", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "category_key": "defense", "secondary_categories": [ "Defense procurement", "Competition", "Data rights" ], "sponsor": "Elizabeth Warren", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "MA", "cosponsor_count": 1, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Armed Services Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-05-15", "last_action_date": "2025-05-15", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Addresses competitive awards for Defense cloud, data, and foundation-model systems and protects government data rights.", "committee_dynamics": "The Senate Armed Services referral creates a direct amendment route into NDAA and a basis for bicameral negotiation with H.R. 3434.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "A natural NDAA pathway makes the substance more viable than the standalone status indicates.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1775", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 1775", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1775", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", 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disclosure & reporting", "category_key": "monitoring", "secondary_categories": [ "Vulnerability reporting", "Accountability", "Worker protection" ], "sponsor": "Chuck Grassley", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "IA", "cosponsor_count": 13, "notable_cosponsors": [ "Chris Coons (D-DE)", "Marsha Blackburn (R-TN)", "Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)", "Josh Hawley (R-MO)", "Brian Schatz (D-HI)" ], "committees": [ "Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions" ], "introduced_date": "2025-05-15", "last_action_date": "2025-05-15", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Protects employees who report AI security vulnerabilities or violations of law involving AI and creates Department of Labor complaint, investigation, and remedy procedures.", "committee_dynamics": "The bipartisan Senate companion gives the proposal a path in the HELP Committee, while H.R. 3460 carries the same core labor-law mechanism in the House.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "The bipartisan sponsor coalition and a House companion improve the proposal’s options, but neither chamber has completed committee action.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1792", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-28", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov and the official introduced text.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 1792", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1792", "accessed_date": "2026-10-28" }, { "source_id": "official-text", "title": "S. 1792 — Introduced text", "publisher": "GovInfo", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119s1792is", "accessed_date": "2026-10-28" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-lifecycle", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "congress", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "cosponsor_count", "committees", "introduced_date", "last_action_date", "last_action", "status", "lifecycle_status" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-text" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance-and-analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-text" ], "note": "The summary and outlook are tracker analysis based on the official bill record and text." } ], "related_measures": [ { "record_id": "h-r-3460", "measure_id": "H.R. 3460", "relationship": "companion" } ] }, { "record_id": "s-2177", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "S. 2177", "title": "No Adversarial AI Act", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Deterrence, export & foreign-adversary controls", "category_key": "deterrence", "secondary_categories": [ "Federal procurement", "Supply-chain security", "Foreign-adversary controls" ], "sponsor": "Rick Scott", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "FL", "cosponsor_count": 1, "notable_cosponsors": [ "Gary Peters (D-MI)" ], "committees": [ "Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-06-25", "last_action_date": "2025-06-25", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Creates a Senate companion framework for a foreign-adversary AI procurement list and related federal acquisition restrictions.", "committee_dynamics": "The Republican sponsor and Democratic ranking member Gary Peters form a strategically important bipartisan pairing within HSGAC.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "The committee leadership configuration makes the bill more viable than its raw cosponsor count suggests.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2177", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 2177", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2177", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "s-2615", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "S. 2615", "title": "VET Artificial Intelligence Act", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Testing, evaluation & assurance", "category_key": "evaluation", "secondary_categories": [ "NIST guidance", "Internal assurance", "Independent evaluation", "Risk management" ], "sponsor": "John Hickenlooper", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CO", "cosponsor_count": 3, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation" ], "introduced_date": "2025-07-31", "last_action_date": "2025-07-31", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Would direct NIST to develop voluntary, consensus-driven technical guidelines and specifications for internal and independent external assurance of AI systems, including testing, evaluation, validation, verification, risk management, and governance practices.", "committee_dynamics": "This renews the VET AI proposal from the 118th Congress, when its predecessor S. 4769 was reported by the Senate Commerce Committee. The current bill had been reintroduced but not yet reported.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "A prior-Congress committee report and bipartisan sponsorship provide a plausible pathway, although the current version remained at referral.", "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2615", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details and introduced text checked against official congressional sources.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 2615", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2615", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "S. 2615, introduced in Senate", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119s2615is", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees", "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official record, introduced text, and the earlier-Congress version." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-2676", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "S. 2676", "title": "Cloud LAB Act of 2025", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Federal AI capacity", "category_key": "capacity", "secondary_categories": [ "AI and biotechnology", "Cloud laboratories", "Biosecurity", "Research security" ], "sponsor": "Todd Young", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "IN", "cosponsor_count": 1, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation" ], "introduced_date": "2025-08-01", "last_action_date": "2025-08-01", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Would establish an NSF cloud-laboratory network that generates biological data for AI training and other research. Its implementation plan must build in cybersecurity, biosecurity, and research security, while an advisory board would address misuse safeguards and rigorous cybersecurity across the network.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill primarily expands federal research capacity, so it is classified as adjacent, but its biosecurity and misuse safeguards make it directly relevant to AI-enabled biological-risk governance.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "The bipartisan proposal has a concrete pilot design but had not advanced beyond committee referral.", "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2676", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details and introduced text checked against official congressional sources.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 2676", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2676", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "S. 2676, introduced in Senate", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119s2676is", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees", "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official introduced text." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-2750", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "S. 2750", "title": "SANDBOX Act", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Governance, preemption & regulatory architecture", "category_key": "governance", "secondary_categories": [ "Regulatory experimentation", "Federal waivers", "Safety-risk mitigation" ], "sponsor": "Ted Cruz", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "TX", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-09-10", "last_action_date": "2025-09-10", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Creates an OSTP-run AI regulatory sandbox allowing temporary waiver or modification of covered federal rules so AI products or development methods can be tested, while applications address health, safety, and economic risks.", "committee_dynamics": "The sponsor chairs Senate Commerce, but waiver authority and the relationship to existing safety rules are politically divisive.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "Committee-chair sponsorship creates a real pathway, balanced by controversy over deregulatory waivers.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2750", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 2750", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2750", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "s-2770-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 2770", "title": "Protect Elections from Deceptive AI Act", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Synthetic-media safety", "secondary_categories": [ "Election security", "Deepfakes", "Candidate remedies" ], "sponsor": "Amy Klobuchar", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "MN", "cosponsor_count": 4, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Rules and Administration" ], "introduced_date": "2023-09-12", "last_action_date": "2024-05-15", "last_action": "Ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration.", "status": "Committee advanced; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have prohibited materially deceptive AI-generated audio or visual media of federal candidates in specified pre-election periods and created enforcement remedies.", "committee_dynamics": "The bipartisan bill advanced from committee during an election year but did not receive final passage before the Congress ended.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; any renewed effort requires a new measure in a later Congress.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s2770rs", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official GovInfo text and legislative stage checked; end-of-Congress status applied", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "GovInfo official record for S. 2770", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s2770rs", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-2892-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 2892", "title": "Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2023", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "High-risk AI governance", "secondary_categories": [ "Impact assessments", "Consequential decisions", "FTC" ], "sponsor": "Ron Wyden", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "OR", "cosponsor_count": 11, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation" ], "introduced_date": "2023-09-21", "last_action_date": "2023-09-21", "last_action": "Introduced and referred to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Referred to Senate committee; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have required covered entities to assess automated decision systems used in critical decisions and submit specified information to the Federal Trade Commission.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill represented a broad accountability model for consequential automated decisions but did not advance before the Congress ended.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; any renewed effort requires a new 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"Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-3205-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 3205", "title": "Federal Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Act of 2023", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "secondary_categories": [ "NIST AI RMF", "Federal agencies", "Risk management" ], "sponsor": "Jerry Moran", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "KS", "cosponsor_count": 1, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Homeland Security and Governmental 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stage checked; end-of-Congress status applied", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "GovInfo official record for S. 3205", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3205is", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-3312-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 3312", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Research, Innovation, and Accountability Act of 2024", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "High-risk AI governance", "secondary_categories": [ "Critical-impact AI", "Risk assessments", "Transparency" ], "sponsor": "John Thune", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "SD", "cosponsor_count": 7, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation" ], "introduced_date": "2023-11-15", "last_action_date": "2024-12-18", "last_action": "Reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation with an amendment.", "status": "Reported by Senate committee; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have established transparency, assessment, and certification duties for critical-impact artificial intelligence systems and directed federal work on testing and evaluation standards.", "committee_dynamics": "The committee-reported bipartisan framework demonstrated support for risk-based federal AI rules, but the bill did not receive final passage before the 118th Congress ended.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; any renewed effort requires a new measure in a later Congress.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s3312rs", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official GovInfo text and legislative stage checked; end-of-Congress status applied", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "GovInfo official record for S. 3312", "publisher": "U.S. Government 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"jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "unknown", "measure_id": "S. 3557", "title": "States' Right to Regulate AI Act", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Governance, preemption & regulatory architecture", "category_key": "governance", "secondary_categories": [ "Appropriations rider", "Federalism", "Preemption" ], "sponsor": "Edward Markey", "sponsor_party": null, "sponsor_state": null, "cosponsor_count": 10, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2025-12-17", "last_action_date": "2025-12-17", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Metadata refresh required", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Would prohibit federal funds from being used to implement the executive order titled “Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence,” making it relevant to the federal-state authority and preemption debate.", "committee_dynamics": "Its standalone prospects are limited, but the language could become significant if offered as an appropriations rider.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "Incomplete metadata and no captured movement lower standalone prospects; rider pathways remain the principal risk.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3557", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 3557", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3557", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "s-3696-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 3696", "title": "DEFIANCE Act of 2024", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Synthetic-media safety", "secondary_categories": [ "Intimate digital forgeries", "Civil remedies", "Deepfakes" ], "sponsor": "Dick Durbin", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "IL", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Judiciary" ], "introduced_date": "2024-01-30", "last_action_date": "2024-07-23", "last_action": "Passed the Senate and was engrossed.", "status": "Passed Senate; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have expanded civil relief for people harmed by nonconsensual intimate digital forgeries, including AI-generated or manipulated sexual imagery.", "committee_dynamics": "Senate passage showed significant support for a targeted remedy, but the measure did not complete House action before the Congress ended.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th 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"committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-4113", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "S. 4113", "title": "AI Guardrails Act of 2026", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "category_key": "defense", "secondary_categories": [ "Nuclear command and control", "Meaningful human control", "High-consequence safeguards" ], "sponsor": "Elissa Slotkin", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "MI", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Armed Services Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-03-17", "last_action_date": "2026-03-17", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Restricts specified high-consequence Department of Defense AI uses, including autonomous launch or detonation of nuclear weapons, and reinforces meaningful human control.", "committee_dynamics": "Nuclear-command provisions are politically salient but more likely to move through NDAA negotiations than through a freestanding floor process.", "advance_tier": "Low", "advance_rationale": "No public committee movement limits the standalone bill, although discrete guardrail language remains plausible in NDAA negotiations.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4113", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 4113", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4113", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "s-4178-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 4178", "title": "Future of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Act of 2024", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Federal AI capacity", "secondary_categories": [ "AI Safety Institute", "Standards", "Evaluation tools" ], "sponsor": "Maria Cantwell", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "WA", "cosponsor_count": 8, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation" ], "introduced_date": "2024-04-18", "last_action_date": "2024-12-18", "last_action": "Reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation with an amendment.", "status": "Reported by Senate committee; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have authorized federal artificial intelligence standards, metrics, evaluation tools, research capacity, and testbeds centered on NIST and the U.S. AI Safety Institute.", "committee_dynamics": "The bipartisan committee-reported bill would have supplied durable statutory support for federal AI evaluation capacity, but it did not reach enactment.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; any renewed effort requires a new measure in a later Congress.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s4178rs", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official GovInfo text and legislative stage checked; end-of-Congress status applied", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "GovInfo official record for S. 4178", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s4178rs", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-4230-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 4230", "title": "Secure Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Cyber, model & infrastructure security", "secondary_categories": [ "Security incidents", "Vulnerability reporting", "Federal coordination" ], "sponsor": "Mark Warner", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "VA", "cosponsor_count": 1, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation" ], "introduced_date": "2024-05-01", "last_action_date": "2024-05-01", "last_action": "Introduced and referred to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Referred to Senate committee; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have created federal processes to track, 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"claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-4495-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 4495", "title": "PREPARED for AI Act", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "secondary_categories": [ "Federal procurement", "Impact assessments", "Incident reporting" ], "sponsor": "Gary Peters", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "MI", "cosponsor_count": 1, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs" ], "introduced_date": "2024-06-11", "last_action_date": "2024-12-16", "last_action": "Reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs with an amendment.", "status": "Reported by Senate committee; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have required federal agencies to manage artificial intelligence procurement and use through impact assessments, testing, monitoring, incident reporting, and common acquisition practices.", "committee_dynamics": "The committee-reported bill offered a detailed government-use 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"official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-4615", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "floor", "measure_id": "S. 4615", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Vehicle", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "category_key": "defense", "secondary_categories": [ "Intelligence-community security", "Incident tracking", "Evaluations", "AI Security Center", "Adversarial AI" ], "sponsor": "Tom Cotton", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "AR", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Intelligence (Select) Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-05-20", "last_action_date": "2026-08-05", "last_action": "By Senator Cotton from Select Committee on Intelligence filed written report. Report No. 119-133. Additional and Minority views filed.", "status": "Reported / Senate calendar", "status_bucket": "Floor / calendar", "summary": "Title VII, sections 701–711, addresses AI exploitation and intelligence sharing, targeting review, testing standards, incident tracking, agentic-system access controls, AI Security Center duties, targeting-output labeling, escalation research, adversarial-AI interaction, proliferation and export assessments, the Vulnerabilities Equities Process, and prohibited models.", "committee_dynamics": "The mature AI-security title can move with the intelligence authorization itself or be merged into NDAA. Armed Services and Intelligence jurisdiction must be reconciled in the endgame.", "advance_tier": "High", "advance_rationale": "The bill is already reported and on the Senate calendar, with a detailed and coherent AI-security title.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4615", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 4615", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4615", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "s-4656", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "S. 4656", "title": "Secure and Accountable Military AI Act of 2026", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "category_key": "defense", "secondary_categories": [ "Incident reporting", "Model-weight security", "CBRNE", "Evaluation" ], "sponsor": "Kirsten Gillibrand", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "NY", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Armed Services Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-06-02", "last_action_date": "2026-06-02", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Defines covered military AI security incidents to include model-weight theft or exfiltration, foreign influence, supply-chain compromise, data poisoning or backdoors, and concerning behavior involving offensive cyber capabilities, safeguard evasion, or chemical and biological weapons.", "committee_dynamics": "The Armed Services referral creates a direct NDAA pathway. The breadth of covered incidents will require coordination with intelligence-community and civilian incident-reporting regimes.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "The content is NDAA-compatible and addresses concrete security risks, but it had not advanced as a standalone bill.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4656", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 4656", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4656", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "s-4674-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 4674", "title": "COPIED Act of 2024", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Synthetic-media safety", "secondary_categories": [ "Content provenance", "Transparency", "Creator rights" ], "sponsor": "Maria Cantwell", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "WA", "cosponsor_count": 2, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation" ], "introduced_date": "2024-07-11", "last_action_date": "2024-07-11", "last_action": "Introduced and referred to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Referred to Senate committee; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have required transparency for content provenance information and protected provenance signals and artistic content from unauthorized alteration or use.", "committee_dynamics": "The bipartisan bill tied synthetic-media integrity to technical provenance and creator protections but did not advance before the Congress ended.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; any renewed effort requires a new measure in a later Congress.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s4674is", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official GovInfo text and legislative stage checked; end-of-Congress status applied", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "GovInfo official record for S. 4674", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s4674is", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-4769-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 4769", "title": "Validation and Evaluation for Trustworthy (VET) Artificial Intelligence Act", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Testing, evaluation & assurance", "secondary_categories": [ "Assurance", "NIST guidance", "Independent evaluation" ], "sponsor": "John Hickenlooper", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "CO", "cosponsor_count": 1, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation" ], "introduced_date": "2024-07-24", "last_action_date": "2024-12-18", "last_action": "Reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation with an amendment.", "status": "Reported by Senate committee; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have directed NIST to develop voluntary guidelines for internal and external assurance of artificial intelligence systems.", "committee_dynamics": "The committee-reported measure focused on assurance practices rather than mandatory developer duties and expired without final passage.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; any renewed effort requires a new measure in a later Congress.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s4769rs", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Official GovInfo text and legislative stage checked; end-of-Congress status applied", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "GovInfo official record for S. 4769", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s4769rs", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Inactive/expired status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official bill record and text." } ] }, { "record_id": "s-4784", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "floor", "measure_id": "S. 4784", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2027", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Vehicle", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "category_key": "defense", "secondary_categories": [ "Must-pass authorization", "Defense AI", "Autonomy", "Cybersecurity" ], "sponsor": "Roger Wicker", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "MS", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Armed Services Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-06-15", "last_action_date": "2026-07-27", "last_action": "Motion to proceed to consideration of measure made in Senate. (CR S4276)", "status": "Reported / calendar-stage vehicle", "status_bucket": "Floor / calendar", "summary": "The principal Senate defense-authorization vehicle and a natural receptacle for military AI guardrails, incident reporting, procurement security, autonomous-systems provisions, and AI Security Center concepts.", "committee_dynamics": "Conference negotiations with H.R. 8800 will determine which House, Senate, intelligence, and standalone AI provisions survive.", "advance_tier": "High", "advance_rationale": "NDAA’s institutional pressure to advance makes it the highest-value defense AI tracking vehicle.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4784", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 4784", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4784", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "s-5061", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "referred", "measure_id": "S. 5061", "title": "Secure A.I. Development Act of 2026", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Evaluation, testing & standards", "category_key": "evaluation", "secondary_categories": [ "Cyber / model security", "Vulnerability disclosure", "Incident reporting", "Coordination" ], "sponsor": "Mark Warner", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "VA", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee" ], "introduced_date": "2026-07-21", "last_action_date": "2026-07-21", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.", "status": "Introduced / referred", "status_bucket": "Introduced / referred", "summary": "Establishes secure pre-release testing for frontier AI, modernizes vulnerability reporting, reviews AI vulnerabilities under the federal Vulnerabilities Equities Process, and strengthens NSA AI Security Center and laboratory/system-security functions.", "committee_dynamics": "Warner brings intelligence and cyber credibility, but Senate Commerce has jurisdiction over the civilian standards and development provisions. The bill may move more readily as intelligence-authorization or NDAA text than as a standalone measure.", "advance_tier": "Medium", "advance_rationale": "Strong national-security framing and natural must-pass vehicles offset the absence of public markup and the need to coordinate Commerce and intelligence equities.", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/5061", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details checked against Congress.gov.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 5061", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/5061", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ] }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Analyst-created characterization based on the cited source and the frozen research snapshot." }, { "claim_id": "automated-objective-metadata", "fields": [ "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Cosponsor count and other objective bill details were updated from Congress.gov." } ], "congress": 119, "session": "119th Congress" }, { "record_id": "s-5239-118", "entity_type": "bill", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "federal", "state": null }, "lifecycle_status": "inactive", "measure_id": "S. 5239", "title": "AWARE Act of 2024", "chamber": "Senate", "scope": "Core", "primary_category": "Defense, intelligence & procurement", "category_key": "defense", "secondary_categories": [ "Military AI", "Risk assessments", "Civilian harm", "Escalation risk" ], "sponsor": "Peter Welch", "sponsor_party": "D", "sponsor_state": "VT", "cosponsor_count": 0, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "Senate Armed Services" ], "introduced_date": "2024-09-25", "last_action_date": "2024-09-25", "last_action": "Read twice and referred to the Senate Committee on Armed Services.", "status": "Referred to Senate Armed Services; expired at the end of the 118th Congress", "status_bucket": "Inactive", "summary": "Would have required the Department of Defense to maintain a ledger of covered AI systems and conduct recurring risk assessments addressing dependability, cybersecurity, privacy, bias, escalation, swarm deployment, civilian harm, model updates, and exports to foreign users.", "committee_dynamics": "The bill proposed a broad accountability framework for military AI, including weapons-related uses, but it was introduced late in the Congress and received no recorded committee action.", "advance_tier": "Dead", "advance_rationale": "The 118th Congress ended without enactment; the proposal would need reintroduction or incorporation into a later defense vehicle.", "congress": 118, "session": "118th Congress", "congress_url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5239", "last_verified_date": "2026-10-27", "verification_level": "Bill details and introduced text checked; end-of-Congress status applied.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "official-congress", "title": "Congress.gov record for S. 5239", "publisher": "Congress.gov", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5239", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" }, { "source_id": "official-govinfo", "title": "S. 5239, introduced in Senate", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-118s5239is", "accessed_date": "2026-10-27" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "chamber", "sponsor", "sponsor_party", "sponsor_state", "introduced_date", "congress", "session" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress", "official-govinfo" ] }, { "claim_id": "lifecycle", "fields": [ "status", "lifecycle_status", "last_action", "last_action_date", "committees", "cosponsor_count" ], "source_ids": [ "official-congress" ], "note": "Inactive status reflects the end of the 118th Congress without enactment." }, { "claim_id": "analysis", "fields": [ "scope", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "summary", "committee_dynamics", "advance_tier", "advance_rationale" ], "source_ids": [ "official-govinfo" ], "note": "Tracker classification and synthesis based on the official introduced text." } ] }, { "record_id": "tn-hb-2091-2024", "entity_type": "law", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "TN" }, "lifecycle_status": "enacted", "measure_id": "TN HB 2091 (2024)", "title": "ELVIS Act", "session": "113th General Assembly", "chamber": "State legislature", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "Synthetic-media safety", "category_key": "synthetic-media", "secondary_categories": [ "Voice likeness", "Impersonation", "Generative AI" ], "sponsor": "William Lamberth", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "TN", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [], "introduced_date": "2024-01-10", "last_action_date": "2024-03-21", "last_action": "Signed by the Governor; assigned Public Chapter 588.", "status": "Enacted — Public Chapter 588", "status_bucket": "Enacted", "summary": "Expands Tennessee's protected personal rights to include voice and strengthens remedies against unauthorized commercial exploitation of a person's name, image, likeness, or voice, including harms enabled by generative AI and synthetic media.", "committee_dynamics": "The measure passed both chambers unanimously and is included as a targeted synthetic-media and impersonation protection.", "advance_tier": "Enacted", "advance_rationale": "Enacted state law.", "official_url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default?BillNumber=HB2091&ga=113", "state_law": { "chapter": "Public Chapter 588", "enacted_date": "2024-03-21", "effective_date": "2024-07-01" }, "implementation": { "responsible_agencies": [ "Tennessee courts" ], "deadlines": [ { "date": "2024-07-01", "requirement": "Act becomes effective.", "status": "completed", "source_ids": [ "tn-legislature" ] } ], "agency_status": [ { "agency": "Tennessee courts", "status": "ongoing", "as_of": "2026-09-20", "detail": "The statute is effective and enforced through its private-rights and remedies framework; no centralized agency implementation program is specified.", "source_ids": [ "tn-legislature" ] } ] }, "last_verified_date": "2026-09-20", "verification_level": "Official legislature source verified.", "sources": [ { "source_id": "tn-legislature", "title": "HB 2091 bill information", "publisher": "Tennessee General Assembly", "source_type": "official", "url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default?BillNumber=HB2091&ga=113", "accessed_date": "2026-09-20" } ], "claim_provenance": [ { "claim_id": "identity-and-lifecycle", "fields": [ "measure_id", "title", "entity_type", "jurisdiction", "session", "sponsor", "status", "lifecycle_status", "state_law" ], "source_ids": [ "tn-legislature" ] }, { "claim_id": "substance-and-implementation", "fields": [ "summary", "primary_category", "secondary_categories", "implementation" ], "source_ids": [ "tn-legislature" ] } ] }, { "record_id": "tx-hb-149-2025", "entity_type": "law", "jurisdiction": { "country": "US", "level": "state", "state": "TX" }, "lifecycle_status": "enacted", "measure_id": "TX HB 149 (2025)", "title": "Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act", "session": "89th Regular Session", "chamber": "State legislature", "scope": "Adjacent", "primary_category": "High-risk AI governance", "category_key": "governance", "secondary_categories": [ "Prohibited uses", "Biometrics", "Government AI" ], "sponsor": "Giovanni Capriglione", "sponsor_party": "R", "sponsor_state": "TX", "cosponsor_count": null, "notable_cosponsors": [], "committees": [ "House Delivery of Government Efficiency", "Senate Business and Commerce" ], "introduced_date": "2024-11-12", "last_action_date": "2025-06-22", "last_action": "Effective date recorded after enactment.", "status": "Enacted; 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